Beijing Jeep

Organization-to-Organization Intercultural Relations

Levels of International Studies

UNIT/CASE STUDY INTERACTION
1. Intercultural Communication Person to person
2. Globalization and Egypt Globalization and its impact on a country's economy and culture
3. Beijing Jeep

Organization to organization (Organization-extended globalization)

Multinational corporations

Governmental agencies

Non-governmental organizations

Review of units 1 & 2

Research methods

China Background Briefing: Geography and History

4th largest country

9,596,960 sq km

After Russia, Canada, and US

Largest Population

1.4 billion

Geographical patterns

Precipitation

Agricultural Regions

Population density

Industry

Imperial China

Han Dynasty, 202 BCE-220 CE

Tang Dynasty, 618-907

Song Dynasty, 960-1279

Ming Dynasty, 1368-1640

Qing Dynasty, 1644-1911

Keeping in mind that all Chinese students learn about the long history of China's powerful empires, how might this influence modern China’s national self-image?

How could that conflict with a typical American’s view of world affairs?

19th Century Globalization: Imperialism, Review

What was the Modern Revolution?

Prior to the Modern Revolution did China or Britain have a larger economy?

Population in 1800

U.K., 10.5 million

China, 300 million

Area (today)

U.K., 244,820 sq. km. (ranked 86th)

China, 9,596,960 sq. km. (ranked 4th)

Industrial Potential (U.K. 1900=100) 1750

China 42/U.K. 2 1830

China 55/ U.K. 18

*Opium War 1839-41

British Imperialism

India under British East India Co.

Chests of British Opium Sold in China

Canton

Confiscation and destruction of opium, 1839

British “Gunboat diplomacy”

“Unequal Treaty” (1842)

$21 million silver dollars indemnity

5 treaty ports

Cession of Hong Kong

*Extraterritoriality (for British subjects)

Mann says, “in desperation British traders began bringing opium to China” (p. 30)

Chinese students learn about China’s experiences with imperialism in school.

Are Chinese likely to agree with Mann’s perspective?

How might memory of the Opium War influence modern China’s perceptions of the British, Americans and other “capitalist” countries?

China's Turbulent 20th century

National revolution, 1911

Civil war, 1916-49

Japanese invasions, 1931-45

*People's Republic of China, 1949

U.S.-China hostilities, 1949-71

Chinese isolationism, 1960s

Improving U.S.-China relations, 1972 onward

Diplomatic relations reestablished, 1979

“Arguments on potentially destructive effects of dealing with a capitalist country were debated on all sides” (Mann, p. 68)

Beijing Jeep, pp. 9-48, 60-63

Research Methods

1. What is Jim Mann's background and perspective on China? How reliable is he as an informant about the experiences of Americans in China? What are his sources of information and biases?

2. Why were American Motors Corporation (AMC) and Beijing Automotive Works (BAW) able to quickly sign a “memorandum of understanding” or MOU on Jan. 26, 1979 (p. 47) to establish a joint venture to manufacture jeeps in China?

What is a *joint venture?

What is a *memorandum of understanding (MOU)?

What were AMC’s “interests” in establishing a joint venture?

What does BAW seem to want from the operation?

Research methods: Evaluating Value of Publications on Foreign Countries

Expertise of author

Language ability

Academic credentials

Research skills (academic)

Interview skills (journalist)

Country experience

“In the end it would be presumptuous, indeed ridiculous, to claim that I had as much access to Chinese thoughts and perceptions as Western ones” (Mann, p.11)

Types of Biases (Objectivity?)

Values of author

Political motives

Financial motives

*Interests in Joint Venture

AMC

✓Inexpensive labor ($0.60/hr. vs. $20/hr in 1980)

✓Access to Chinese market

BAW

✓Newer technology

✓Outside investment $$

Common interests

✓Exports to earn foreign currency

✓Manufacturing base to export elsewhere in Asia

Key: ✓=still relevant in early 21st century